[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f2i2kjifunhi2h":3,"meta":81,"$f3gavgjbx0r31x":85,"$f3jtpo16ryjqcy":86,"$f3tgr1hqdl2jf2":87,"$f8nn2wqj9jgm6":88,"$f18ja6f789nnfg":89,"$f3qrs3yaqmgecu":90,"$f3et4oxnjm972t":91,"$f1ucr6mqnq9zgj":92,"$fobp4rfdgwg56":93,"$f3gvcv12j0is0e":616,"$f3bev5jiuctp8":779,"$f2gvnhqgrxhcxk":801},{"id":4,"name":5,"country":6,"region":7,"lat":8,"lon":9,"task":10,"framework":11,"domain":12,"since":13,"until":14,"contributors":15,"explanation":36,"places":44,"sources":70,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987","De oorlog tussen Iran en Irak","Perzische Golf en Golf van Oman",null,26,54,"Mijnenjagers en later een mijnenveger van de marine ruimden zeemijnen in de Golf van Oman en het zuiden van de Perzische Golf, samen met België en het Verenigd Koninkrijk.","WEU-afstemming; Belgisch-Nederlandse operatie Octopus, daarna Calendar II","maritiem","1987-11-01","1989-01-02",[16,25,30],{"service":17,"unit":18,"source":19,"official":22},"marine","Hr.Ms. Hellevoetsluis",{"title":20,"url":21},"De oorlog tussen Iran en Irak | Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nimh.nl\u002Fmilitaire-geschiedenis-van-nederland\u002Fhistorische-overzichten\u002Fencyclopedie-internationale-operaties\u002F1987-11-iran-irakoorlog\u002Findex",{"text":23,"source":24},"In november 1987 arriveerden Hr.Ms. Hellevoetsluis en Hr.Ms. Maassluis in de Golf.",{"title":20,"url":21},{"service":17,"unit":26,"source":27,"official":28},"Hr.Ms. Maassluis",{"title":20,"url":21},{"text":23,"source":29},{"title":20,"url":21},{"service":17,"unit":31,"source":32,"official":33},"Hr.Ms. Urk",{"title":20,"url":21},{"text":34,"source":35},"Na een tour van twee keer drie maanden in de Golf nam de mijnenveger Hr.Ms. Urk op 11 mei 1988 de taken over van de twee mijnenjagers.",{"title":20,"url":21},{"official":37,"plain":40,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":43},{"text":38,"source":39},"De VS riep de hulp in van hun West-Europese bondgenoten om zeemijnen te ruimen. 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Gilze-Rijen","Gilze-Rijen",51.5757,[216],{"title":437,"url":442},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fgilze-rijen",[444,447,450,455,460,462,464],{"unit":445,"source":446},"298 Squadron",{"title":318,"url":319},{"unit":448,"source":449},"301 Squadron",{"title":318,"url":319},{"unit":451,"source":452},"Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Extraction (SERE) School",{"title":453,"url":454},"Centrum voor Mens en Luchtvaart","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fcml",{"unit":456,"source":457},"300 Squadron",{"title":458,"url":459},"Beslisnota bij DMP A\u002FB-brief Vervanging Medium Utility Helikopter (2023D24145)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tweedekamer.nl\u002Fdownloads\u002Fdocument?id=2023D24145",{"unit":324,"source":461},{"title":318,"url":319},{"unit":327,"source":463},{"title":318,"url":319},{"unit":465,"source":466},"930 Squadron",{"title":467,"url":468},"Hangaar maakt plaats voor bossen (Defensiekrant, editie 33, 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fmagazines\u002Fdefensiekrant\u002F2026\u002Feditie-33\u002F02_sgo-930-squadron",{"id":470,"name":471,"place":472,"kind":309,"lat":473,"services":474,"source":475,"units":477,"hasBoundary":110},"vliegbasis-leeuwarden","Vliegbasis Leeuwarden","Leeuwarden",53.2225,[216],{"title":471,"url":476},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fleeuwarden",[478,483,488,493,496],{"unit":479,"source":480},"322 Squadron",{"title":481,"url":482},"Squadrons Vliegbasis Leeuwarden","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fleeuwarden\u002Fsquadrons",{"unit":484,"source":485},"323 Squadron",{"title":486,"url":487},"Geschiedenis Vliegbasis Leeuwarden","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fleeuwarden\u002Fgeschiedenis",{"unit":489,"source":490},"306 Squadron",{"title":491,"url":492},"Kamerstuk 30806, nr. 47 — Onbemande vliegtuigen (UAV); Verwervingsvoorbereiding project MALE UAV (11 juni 2018)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-30806-47.html",{"unit":494,"source":495},"921 Squadron",{"title":481,"url":482},{"unit":497,"source":498},"922 Squadron",{"title":481,"url":482},{"id":500,"name":501,"place":502,"kind":309,"lat":503,"services":504,"source":505,"units":507,"hasBoundary":110},"vliegbasis-volkel","Vliegbasis Volkel","Volkel",51.6555,[216],{"title":501,"url":506},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fvolkel",[508,513,516,519],{"unit":509,"source":510},"312 Squadron",{"title":511,"url":512},"Squadrons op Vliegbasis Volkel","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fvolkel\u002Fsquadrons",{"unit":514,"source":515},"313 Squadron",{"title":511,"url":512},{"unit":517,"source":518},"640 Squadron",{"title":511,"url":512},{"unit":520,"source":521},"901 Squadron",{"title":511,"url":512},{"id":523,"name":524,"place":525,"kind":309,"lat":526,"services":527,"source":528,"units":531,"hasBoundary":110},"vliegbasis-woensdrecht","Vliegbasis Woensdrecht","Woensdrecht",51.4304,[216],{"title":529,"url":530},"Vliegbasis Woensdrecht - Air Support Command","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fwoensdrecht",[532,535,540,543],{"unit":533,"source":534},"Air Support Command",{"title":529,"url":530},{"unit":536,"source":537},"Royal Air Education and Training Center",{"title":538,"url":539},"Royal Air Education and Training Center (voorheen Koninklijke Militaire School Luchtmacht)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fwoensdrecht\u002Fkmsl-vlb-wdt",{"unit":541,"source":542},"Air Depot en Program Management",{"title":529,"url":530},{"unit":544,"source":545},"Defensie Expertise Centrum Diensthonden",{"title":538,"url":539},[547,555,563,572,581,590,598,607],{"id":548,"name":549,"missionId":550,"since":551,"until":7,"source":552},"camp-humphreys","Camp Humphreys","zuid-korea-unc","2025-01",{"title":553,"url":554},"Staatscourant 2025, 13726","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2025-13726.html",{"id":556,"name":557,"missionId":558,"since":559,"until":560,"source":561},"airbase-amari","Airbase Amari","estland-eap","2024-12-01","2025-03-31",{"title":562,"url":554},"Staatscourant 2025, 13726: Wijziging Besluit gespen Herinneringsmedaille Internationale Missies",{"id":564,"name":565,"missionId":566,"since":567,"until":568,"source":569},"luchthaven-siauliai","luchthaven Siauliai","baltische-staten-bap","2017-01","2017-04",{"title":570,"url":571},"Staatscourant 2021, 39134","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2021-39134.html",{"id":573,"name":574,"missionId":575,"since":576,"until":577,"source":578},"kamp-castor","Kamp Castor","mali-minusma","2014-04","2023-12",{"title":579,"url":580},"Nederlandse bijdrage in Mali (Defensie)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fonderwerpen\u002Fm\u002Fmissie-in-mali\u002Fnederlandse-bijdrage",{"id":582,"name":583,"missionId":584,"since":585,"until":586,"source":587},"incirlik-airbase","Incirlik Airbase","turkije-active-fence","2013-01","2015-01",{"title":588,"url":589},"Regeling tot wijziging Besluit gespen Herinneringsmedaille Vredesoperaties (Stcrt. 2014, 15201)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2014-15201.html",{"id":591,"name":592,"missionId":593,"since":594,"until":7,"source":595},"camp-butmir","Camp Butmir","bosnie-althea","2004-12-02",{"title":596,"url":597},"Militaire bijdrage Nederland in Bosnië en Herzegovina","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fonderwerpen\u002Fm\u002Fmissie-in-bosnie-en-herzegovina\u002Fmilitaire-bijdrage-nederland-in-bosnie-en-herzegovina",{"id":599,"name":600,"missionId":601,"since":602,"until":603,"source":604},"vliegbasis-amendola","vliegbasis Amendola","joegoslavie-allied-force","1999-03-24","1999-06",{"title":605,"url":606},"Kamerstuk 22181, nr. 311","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-22181-311.html",{"id":608,"name":609,"missionId":610,"since":611,"until":612,"source":613},"vliegbasis-diyarbakir","vliegbasis Diyarbakir","golfoorlog-1990","1990","1991",{"title":614,"url":615},"Geschiedenis luchtmacht","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fgeschiedenis",{"events":617,"outcomes":698},[618,629,638,648,655,663,672,681,691],{"id":619,"missionId":4,"date":620,"kind":621,"official":622,"evidence":627,"plain":628,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1987-09-07-1","1987-09-07","besluit",{"text":623,"source":624},"'s-Gravenhage, 7 september 1987 … Hierbij bieden wij u een aantekening aan ter toelichting op het heden genomen besluit van de Regering tot uitzending van twee Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar het gebied van de Perzische Golf.",{"title":625,"url":626},"Kamerstuk 20075, nr. 1: Uitzending twee Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar de Perzische Golf (brief van 7 september 1987)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19861987\u002F0000113412\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19861987_0007306.pdf","kamerbrief","Op 7 september 1987 besloot de regering twee mijnenjagers naar het gebied van de Perzische Golf te sturen.",{"id":630,"missionId":4,"date":13,"kind":631,"official":632,"evidence":636,"plain":637,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1987-11-01-1","aankomst",{"text":633,"source":634},"In november 1987 arriveerden Hr.Ms. Hellevoetsluis en Hr.Ms. Maassluis in de Golf. … De schepen kwamen op 1 november aan in het operatiegebied.",{"title":635,"url":21},"De oorlog tussen Iran en Irak (NIMH, Encyclopedie internationale operaties)","geschiedenis","De mijnenjagers Hellevoetsluis en Maassluis kwamen op 1 november 1987 aan in het gebied waar zij moesten werken.",{"id":639,"missionId":4,"date":640,"kind":641,"official":642,"evidence":627,"plain":647,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1988-01-1","1988-01","verlenging",{"text":643,"source":644},"In het licht van het bovenstaande heeft de regering besloten tot voortzetting van de Nederlandse aanwezigheid in de Golf. In de loop van januari 1988 zullen de bemanningen van de beide schepen, de Maassluis en de Hellevoetsluis, per vliegtuig worden vervangen. De schepen zelf zullen in het gebied blijven.",{"title":645,"url":646},"Kamerstuk 20075, nr. 13: Uitzending twee Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar de Perzische Golf (brief van 14 december 1987)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19871988\u002F0000101163\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19871988_0003332.pdf","De regering besloot de inzet voort te zetten. In januari 1988 zouden nieuwe bemanningen per vliegtuig de oude vervangen; de schepen bleven in het gebied.",{"id":649,"missionId":4,"date":650,"kind":651,"official":652,"evidence":636,"plain":654,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1988-05-11-1","1988-05-11","overdracht",{"text":34,"source":653},{"title":635,"url":21},"Op 11 mei 1988 nam één schip, de Urk, de taken over van de twee mijnenjagers.",{"id":656,"missionId":4,"date":657,"kind":658,"official":659,"evidence":636,"plain":662,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1988-06-01-1","1988-06-01","start",{"text":660,"source":661},"Na een tour van twee keer drie maanden in de Golf nam de mijnenveger Hr.Ms. Urk op 11 mei 1988 de taken over van de twee mijnenjagers. Nadat de Belgische regering het bevoorradingsschip en een mijnenveger had terugtrokken, werd onder Brits commando per 1 juni een Brits\u002FBelgisch\u002FNederlandse Task Force gevormd.",{"title":635,"url":21},"Volgens het NIMH werd per 1 juni 1988 onder Brits bevel een Brits-Belgisch-Nederlandse groep schepen gevormd.",{"id":664,"missionId":4,"date":665,"kind":658,"official":666,"evidence":627,"plain":671,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1988-07-01-1","1988-07-01",{"text":667,"source":668},"Heden is met het Verenigd Koninkrijk en België overeenstemming bereikt over de vorming van de trilaterale taakgroep, die vanaf 1 juli 1988 onder de naam «Calendar» zal functioneren. Nederland stelt, evenals België, een mijnenjager ter beschikking, terwijl het Verenigd Koninkrijk deelneemt met drie mijnenbestrijdingsvaartuigen en een commandoschip met logistieke faciliteiten.",{"title":669,"url":670},"Kamerstuk 20075, nr. 19: Uitzending Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar de Perzische Golf (brief van 24 juni 1988)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19871988\u002F0000101169\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19871988_0003338.pdf","Nederland, België en het Verenigd Koninkrijk spraken af vanaf 1 juli 1988 samen een groep schepen te vormen, met de naam Calendar. Nederland leverde één mijnenjager.",{"id":673,"missionId":4,"date":674,"kind":621,"official":675,"evidence":627,"plain":680,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1989-01-1","1989-01",{"text":676,"source":677},"In het licht van bovenstaande omstandigheden heeft de regering besloten de presentatie van de Nederlandse marine in de Golf begin januari 1989 te beëindigen. De Nederlandse mijnenjager zal dan het gebied verlaten.",{"title":678,"url":679},"Kamerstuk 20075, nr. 20: Uitzending Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar de Perzische Golf (brief van 4 oktober 1988)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19881989\u002F0000092250\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19881989_0002542.pdf","De regering besloot de inzet van de marine in de Golf begin januari 1989 te beëindigen. De mijnenjager zou dan het gebied verlaten.",{"id":682,"missionId":4,"date":683,"kind":684,"official":685,"evidence":627,"plain":690,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1989-01-01-1","1989-01-01","einde",{"text":686,"source":687},"De Nederlandse deelneming aan de operaties in de Perzische Golf is per 1 januari 1989 geëindigd.",{"title":688,"url":689},"Kamerstuk 21300 X, nr. 2: Begroting Defensie voor het jaar 1990, memorie van toelichting","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19891990\u002F0000038820\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19891990_0004270.pdf","Op 1 januari 1989 eindigde de Nederlandse deelname aan de operaties in de Perzische Golf.",{"id":692,"missionId":4,"date":14,"kind":693,"official":694,"evidence":636,"plain":697,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-1989-01-02-1","vertrek",{"text":695,"source":696},"Het schip begon op 2 januari 1989 aan de thuisreis.",{"title":635,"url":21},"Op 2 januari 1989 begon de Urk aan de reis naar huis.",[699,706,712,720,726,732,738,746,755,764,771],{"id":700,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":702,"evidence":627,"plain":705,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-1","resultaat",{"text":703,"source":704},"Het Nederlands-Belgische eskader heeft sinds 1 november jl., samen met andere Europese eenheden, een bijdrage geleverd aan mijnenbestrijdingsoperaties in de internationale vaarroute voor de haven van Fujeirah in de Golf van Oman. Tijdens deze operaties werden door Franse en Britse mijnenjagers acht mijnen geruimd.",{"title":56,"url":57},"De Nederlands-Belgische groep hielp mijnen zoeken in de vaarroute bij de haven van Fujeirah. Franse en Britse mijnenjagers ruimden daar acht mijnen.",{"id":707,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":708,"evidence":627,"plain":711,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-2",{"text":709,"source":710},"Gedurende genoemde operaties zijn enkele tientallen mijnen geruimd, zij het niet door de Belgisch-Nederlandse taakgroep. Thans zijn alle gebieden in de internationale vaarroutes waar mijnenbestrijdingsoperaties zijn uitgevoerd mijnenvrij verklaard en weer opengesteld voor de scheepvaart.",{"title":645,"url":646},"Bij die operaties werden enkele tientallen mijnen geruimd, maar niet door de Nederlands-Belgische groep. De doorzochte vaarroutes waren weer open voor schepen.",{"id":713,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":714,"evidence":627,"plain":719,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-3",{"text":715,"source":716},"Op 17 april jl. maakte de Nederlands-Belgische eenheid twee mijnen onschadelijk; twee andere werden gelocaliseerd. … De Nederlands-Belgische eenheid maakte de twee eerder gelocaliseerde mijnen onschadelijk.",{"title":717,"url":718},"Kamerstuk 20075, nr. 17: Uitzending Nederlandse mijnenjagers naar de Perzische Golf (brief van 20 april 1988)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19871988\u002F0000101167\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19871988_0003336.pdf","De Nederlands-Belgische groep maakte op 17 april twee mijnen onschadelijk en vond er twee andere, die zij later ook onschadelijk maakte.",{"id":721,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":722,"evidence":627,"plain":725,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-4",{"text":723,"source":724},"Zo heeft de Belgisch-Nederlandse eenheid in nauwe samenwerking met andere bondgenoten een aantal mijnen geruimd ten oosten van Bahrein, waarop 14 april jl. het Amerikaanse fregat «USS Samuel B. Roberts» werd getroffen door een mijn. De eenheid maakte tijdens die operatie vijf mijnen onschadelijk.",{"title":68,"url":69},"Ten oosten van Bahrein, waar een Amerikaans fregat op een mijn was gevaren, ruimde de Belgisch-Nederlandse groep met bondgenoten mijnen. Zij maakte er vijf onschadelijk.",{"id":727,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":728,"evidence":627,"plain":731,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-5",{"text":729,"source":730},"De regering is, terugblikkend, van oordeel dat de Westeuropese mijnenbestrijdingsoperaties, naast de intensieve diplomatieke inspanningen een waardevolle bijdrage hebben geleverd aan de veiligheid van de internationale scheepvaart.",{"title":678,"url":679},"Volgens de regering hebben de Europese mijnenoperaties, naast de diplomatie, veel bijgedragen aan de veiligheid van de scheepvaart.",{"id":733,"missionId":4,"kind":701,"official":734,"evidence":627,"plain":737,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-resultaat-6",{"text":735,"source":736},"Onze mijnenjagers hebben de vrije doorvaart van de scheepvaart in internationale wateren helpen verzekeren en ook bijgedragen tot het scheppen van een politiek klimaat waarin een wapenstilstand tussen de oorlogvoerende partijen mogelijk werd. De militaire bijdrage die Nederland heeft geleverd bij de mijnenbestrijding in de Golf en de coördinerende rol die het in dit verband heeft gespeeld, hebben internationaal de geloofwaardigheid van de door ons land uitgedragen standpunten vergroot.",{"title":688,"url":689},"Volgens de regering hielpen de mijnenjagers de vrije scheepvaart te verzekeren en een wapenstilstand mogelijk te maken. Ook nam het internationale vertrouwen in Nederlandse standpunten toe.",{"id":739,"missionId":4,"kind":740,"count":741,"official":742,"evidence":636,"plain":745,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-omvang-1","omvang",343,{"text":743,"source":744},"Aantal militairen: 343",{"title":635,"url":21},"Volgens het NIMH deden 343 militairen mee aan deze missie.",{"id":747,"missionId":4,"kind":740,"count":748,"official":749,"evidence":753,"plain":754,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-omvang-2",33,{"text":750,"source":751},"Aantal militairen: 33",{"title":752,"url":74},"De oorlog tussen Iran en Irak, Historische missies (defensie.nl, 2019, via sitearchief.nl)","missiepagina","Volgens de missiepagina van Defensie deden 33 militairen mee aan deze missie.",{"id":756,"missionId":4,"kind":757,"who":758,"count":759,"official":760,"evidence":636,"plain":763,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-slachtoffers-1","slachtoffers","doden",0,{"text":761,"source":762},"Dodelijke slachtoffers: geen",{"title":635,"url":21},"Er vielen geen doden.",{"id":765,"missionId":4,"kind":766,"official":767,"evidence":627,"plain":770,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-les-1","les",{"text":768,"source":769},"In veel situaties zijn zeestrijdkrachten door hun flexibiliteit en mobiliteit een goed middel om buiten het Navogebied op te treden. Ze zijn minder afhankelijk van steunpunten in of nabij het gebied waarin wordt opgetreden dan land– of luchtstrijdkrachten. Het recente optreden in de Perzische Golf is hiervan een voorbeeld.",{"title":688,"url":689},"De regering concludeerde dat de marine goed buiten het NAVO-gebied kan optreden, omdat zij minder steunpunten nodig heeft. De inzet in de Golf is daar een voorbeeld van.",{"id":772,"missionId":4,"kind":766,"official":773,"evidence":627,"plain":778,"writtenBy":41,"reviewed":42,"updated":80},"perzische-golf-mijnenjacht-1987-les-2",{"text":774,"source":775},"Mede in het licht van de afstemming in Weu-verband, heeft Nederland goede ervaringen opgedaan met de samenwerking met België en het Verenigd Koninkrijk.",{"title":776,"url":777},"Kamerstuk 20800 X, nr. 2: Rijksbegroting voor het jaar 1989 (Ministerie van Defensie), memorie van toelichting","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19881989\u002F0000093997\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19881989_0004258.pdf","Volgens de regering waren de ervaringen met de samenwerking met België en het Verenigd Koninkrijk goed.",[780,789],{"id":610,"name":781,"domain":12,"since":611,"until":612,"km":782,"from":783,"to":785,"rough":110},"Tweede Golfoorlog Irak",135,{"name":59,"lat":61,"lon":62,"source":784},{"title":68,"url":69},{"name":786,"lat":787,"lon":788},"Perzische Golf",26.9,51.5,{"id":790,"name":791,"domain":12,"since":792,"until":793,"km":794,"from":795,"to":797,"rough":110},"hormuz-emasoh","European-Led mission Awareness Strait of Hormuz (EMASOH)","2020-01","2024-12-31",165,{"name":46,"lat":48,"lon":49,"source":796},{"title":56,"url":57},{"name":798,"lat":799,"lon":800},"Straat van Hormuz",26.6,56.3,[802,815,824,838,847,856,866,880,889,898,906,914,923,931,939,947,955,963,971,981,989,998,1007,1015,1023,1032,1050,1058,1067,1076,1085,1094],{"id":803,"article":804,"date":805,"countries":806,"summary":808,"official":809,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2025-09-23",4,"2025-09-23",[807],"Estland","De NAVO kwam bijeen op verzoek van Estland, nadat drie Russische gevechtsvliegtuigen het Estse luchtruim hadden geschonden.",{"text":810,"source":811},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 23 September 2025, the North Atlantic Council met following Estonia’s request for Article 4 consultations after three Russian fighter jets violated Estonian airspace on 19 September 2025.",{"title":812,"url":813},"NAVO: The consultation process and Article 4","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fintroduction-to-nato\u002Fthe-consultation-process-and-article-4","2026-10-22",{"id":816,"article":804,"date":817,"countries":818,"summary":820,"official":821,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2025-09-10","2025-09-10",[819],"Polen","Polen vroeg om overleg nadat meerdere Russische drones het Poolse luchtruim waren binnengevlogen.",{"text":822,"source":823},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 10 September 2025, Poland requested to hold consultations in the North Atlantic Council under Article 4 following the violation of Polish airspace by multiple Russian drones.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":825,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":828,"countries":829,"summary":831,"official":832,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2024-03-07",10,"toetreding","2024-03-07",[830],"Zweden","Zweden werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":833,"source":834},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 7 March 2024: Accession of Sweden",{"title":835,"url":836},"NAVO: Enlargement and Article 10","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpartnerships-and-cooperation\u002Fenlargement-and-article-10","2026-11-04",{"id":839,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":840,"countries":841,"summary":843,"official":844,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2023-04-04","2023-04-04",[842],"Finland","Finland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":845,"source":846},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 4 April 2023: Accession of Finland",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":848,"article":826,"kind":849,"date":850,"countries":851,"summary":852,"official":853,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2022-07-05","toetredingsprotocol","2022-07-05",[842,830],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor Finland en Zweden. Daarmee werden beide landen officieel genodigde.",{"text":854,"source":855},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 July 2022: Allies sign the Accession Protocols for Finland and Sweden, making them official Invitees.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":857,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":859,"until":860,"countries":861,"summary":862,"official":863,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2022-06-29","uitnodiging","2022-06-29","2022-06-30",[842,830],"Op de top in Madrid nodigde de NAVO Finland en Zweden officieel uit om lid te worden.",{"text":864,"source":865},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29-30 June 2022: Heads of State and Government from Finland, Georgia, Sweden and Ukraine and the Defence Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina take part in the NATO Summit in Madrid. NATO reaffirms its commitment to its \"open door policy\", formally inviting Finland and Sweden to become members of NATO",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":867,"article":804,"date":868,"countries":869,"summary":876,"official":877,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2022-02-24","2022-02-24",[870,871,807,872,873,819,874,875],"Bulgarije","Tsjechië","Letland","Litouwen","Roemenië","Slowakije","Acht bondgenoten vroegen om overleg op de dag dat Rusland Oekraïne volledig binnenviel.",{"text":878,"source":879},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 24 February 2022, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia requested to hold consultations under Article 4 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":881,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":882,"countries":883,"summary":885,"official":886,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2020-03-27","2020-03-27",[884],"Noord-Macedonië","Noord-Macedonië werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":887,"source":888},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 27 March 2020: Accession of the Republic of North Macedonia",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":890,"article":804,"date":891,"countries":892,"summary":894,"official":895,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2020-02-28","2020-02-28",[893],"Turkije","Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Turkse militairen waren omgekomen bij luchtaanvallen in de Syrische provincie Idlib.",{"text":896,"source":897},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 28 February 2020, Türkiye requested consultations following the death of Turkish soldiers in air strikes by the Syrian regime and its backer Russia in Idlib province.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":899,"article":826,"kind":849,"date":900,"countries":901,"summary":902,"official":903,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2019-02-06","2019-02-06",[884],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Noord-Macedonië. Daarna deed het land als genodigde mee aan activiteiten van de NAVO.",{"text":904,"source":905},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 February 2019: The Allies sign the Accession Protocol of the Republic of North Macedonia, following which the country takes part in NATO activities as an invitee.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":907,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":908,"countries":909,"summary":910,"official":911,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2018-07-11","2018-07-11",[884],"Na het akkoord tussen Athene en Skopje over de naam van het land nodigden de NAVO-leiders Skopje uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":912,"source":913},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 11 July 2018: At the Brussels Summit, following the historic agreement between Athens and Skopje on the solution of the name issue, Allied leaders invite the government in Skopje to begin accession talks to join NATO.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":915,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":916,"countries":917,"summary":919,"official":920,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2017-06-05","2017-06-05",[918],"Montenegro","Montenegro werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":921,"source":922},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 June 2017: Accession of Montenegro",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":924,"article":826,"kind":849,"date":925,"countries":926,"summary":927,"official":928,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2016-05-19","2016-05-19",[918],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Montenegro. Daarna mocht Montenegro als genodigde vergaderingen van de NAVO bijwonen.",{"text":929,"source":930},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 19 May 2016: Allied ministers sign the Accession Protocol, following which Montenegro has 'Invitee' status and starts attending North Atlantic Council and other NATO meetings.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":932,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":933,"countries":934,"summary":935,"official":936,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2015-12-02","2015-12-02",[918],"De ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken van de NAVO nodigden Montenegro uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":937,"source":938},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2 December 2015: NATO Foreign Ministers meeting in Brussels invite Montenegro to start accession talks to join the Alliance, while encouraging further progress on reforms, especially in the area of rule of law.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":940,"article":804,"date":941,"countries":942,"summary":943,"official":944,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2015-07-26","2015-07-26",[893],"Turkije vroeg om overleg na terroristische aanslagen, en om de bondgenoten over zijn maatregelen te informeren.",{"text":945,"source":946},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 26 July 2015, Türkiye requested that the NAC convene in view of the seriousness of the situation following terrorist attacks, and to inform Allies of the measures it was taking.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":948,"article":804,"date":949,"countries":950,"summary":951,"official":952,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2014-03-03","2014-03-03",[819],"Polen vroeg om overleg om de oplopende spanningen in buurland Oekraïne door het optreden van Rusland.",{"text":953,"source":954},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 March 2014, Poland invoked Article 4 following increasing tensions in neighbouring Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s aggressive actions.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":956,"article":804,"date":957,"countries":958,"summary":959,"official":960,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2012-10-03","2012-10-03",[893],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische granaten vijf Turkse burgers hadden gedood. Daarna vroeg Turkije om Patriot-luchtverdediging.",{"text":961,"source":962},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 October 2012, Türkiye requested Article 4 NAC consultations when five Turkish civilians were killed by Syrian shells. Following these incidents, on 21 November 2012, Türkiye requested the deployment of Patriot missiles.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":964,"article":804,"date":965,"countries":966,"summary":967,"official":968,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2012-06-22","2012-06-22",[893],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische luchtverdediging een Turks gevechtsvliegtuig had neergeschoten.",{"text":969,"source":970},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 22 June 2012, Türkiye requested a NAC meeting under Article 4 after one of its fighter jets was shot down by Syrian air defence forces.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":972,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":973,"countries":974,"summary":977,"official":978,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2009-04-01","2009-04-01",[975,976],"Albanië","Kroatië","Albanië en Kroatië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":979,"source":980},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 1 April 2009: Accession of Albania and Croatia",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":982,"article":826,"kind":849,"date":983,"countries":984,"summary":985,"official":986,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2008-07-09","2008-07-09",[975,976],"De toetredingsprotocollen voor Albanië en Kroatië werden getekend.",{"text":987,"source":988},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 9 July 2008: Accession Protocols for Albania and Croatia are signed.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":990,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":991,"until":992,"countries":993,"summary":994,"official":995,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2008-04-02","2008-04-02","2008-04-04",[975,976],"Op de top in Boekarest nodigden de NAVO-leiders Albanië en Kroatië uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":996,"source":997},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2-4 April 2008: At the Bucharest Summit, Allied Leaders invite Albania and Croatia to start accession talks",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":999,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":1000,"countries":1001,"summary":1003,"official":1004,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2004-03-29","2004-03-29",[870,807,872,873,874,875,1002],"Slovenië","Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1005,"source":1006},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29 March 2004: Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1008,"article":826,"kind":849,"date":1009,"countries":1010,"summary":1011,"official":1012,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2003-03-26","2003-03-26",[870,807,872,873,874,875,1002],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor zeven landen die waren uitgenodigd lid te worden.",{"text":1013,"source":1014},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks. 26 March 2003: Signing ceremony of the Accession Protocols of the seven invitees.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1016,"article":804,"date":1017,"countries":1018,"summary":1019,"official":1020,"updated":814},"artikel-4-2003-02-10","2003-02-10",[893],"Turkije vroeg om overleg over verdediging tegen de dreiging van de oorlog in buurland Irak.",{"text":1021,"source":1022},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 10 February 2003, Türkiye formally invoked Article 4, asking for consultations in the NAC on defensive assistance from NATO in the event of a threat to its population or territory resulting from armed conflict in neighbouring Iraq.",{"title":812,"url":813},{"id":1024,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":1025,"until":1026,"countries":1027,"summary":1028,"official":1029,"updated":837},"artikel-10-2002-11-21","2002-11-21","2002-11-22",[870,807,872,873,874,875,1002],"Op de top in Praag werden Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1030,"source":1031},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1033,"article":1034,"date":1035,"countries":1036,"summary":1038,"official":1039,"missions":1044,"updated":814},"artikel-5-2001-10-02",5,"2001-10-02",[1037],"Verenigde Staten","Na onderzoek naar de aanslagen stelde de NAVO vast dat ze onder artikel 5 vielen. Daarop volgden de NAVO-operaties Eagle Assist en Active Endeavour.",{"text":1040,"source":1041},"On 2 October 2001, once the Council had been briefed on the results of investigations into the 9\u002F11 attacks, it determined that they were effectively regarded as an action covered by Article 5.",{"title":1042,"url":1043},"NAVO: Collective defence and Article 5","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fintroduction-to-nato\u002Fcollective-defence-and-article-5",[1045],{"missionId":1046,"official":1047},"middellandse-zee-active-endeavour",{"text":1048,"source":1049},"On 26 October 2001, the Alliance launched its second counter-terrorism operation in response to the attacks on the United States, Operation Active Endeavour, which involved elements of NATO's Standing Naval Forces patrol",{"title":1042,"url":1043},{"id":1051,"article":1034,"date":1052,"countries":1053,"summary":1054,"official":1055,"updated":814},"artikel-5-2001-09-12","2001-09-12",[1037],"Een dag na de aanslagen van 11 september besloot de NAVO dat een aanval vanuit het buitenland op de Verenigde Staten zou gelden als een aanval op alle bondgenoten. De eerste en enige keer dat artikel 5 is ingeroepen.",{"text":1056,"source":1057},"On the evening of 12 September 2001, less than 24 hours after the attacks, Allies met in the North Atlantic Council. The Council agreed “that if it is determined that this attack was directed from abroad against the United States, it shall be regarded as an action covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty”.",{"title":1042,"url":1043},{"id":1059,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":1060,"countries":1061,"summary":1063,"official":1064,"updated":837},"artikel-10-1999-03-12","1999-03-12",[871,1062,819],"Hongarije","Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen werden lid van de NAVO. Daarmee had het bondgenootschap 19 leden.",{"text":1065,"source":1066},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 12 March 1999: Accession of Czechia, Hungary and Poland, bringing the Alliance to 19 members.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1068,"article":826,"kind":858,"date":1069,"until":1070,"countries":1071,"summary":1072,"official":1073,"updated":837},"artikel-10-1997-07-08","1997-07-08","1997-07-09",[871,1062,819],"Op de top in Madrid werden Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1074,"source":1075},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 8-9 July 1997: At the Madrid Summit, three partner countries – Czechia, Hungary and Poland – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1077,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":1078,"countries":1079,"summary":1081,"official":1082,"updated":837},"artikel-10-1982-05-30","1982-05-30",[1080],"Spanje","Spanje werd lid van de NAVO. In 1998 ging het ook deel uitmaken van de gezamenlijke militaire structuur.",{"text":1083,"source":1084},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 30 May 1982: Spain joins the Alliance (and the integrated military structure in 1998).",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1086,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":1087,"countries":1088,"summary":1090,"official":1091,"updated":837},"artikel-10-1955-05-06","1955-05-06",[1089],"Duitsland","De Bondsrepubliek Duitsland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1092,"source":1093},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 May 1955: Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany",{"title":835,"url":836},{"id":1095,"article":826,"kind":827,"date":1096,"countries":1097,"summary":1099,"official":1100,"updated":837},"artikel-10-1952-02-18","1952-02-18",[1098,893],"Griekenland","Griekenland en Turkije werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1101,"source":1102},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 18 February 1952: Accession of Greece and Türkiye",{"title":835,"url":836}]