[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$f1skon9mv19osi":3,"meta":38,"$f1hxvlu4113jkg":43,"$f2enqz727oqlzb":44,"$f33f40um0ak5rv":73,"$f24kxr7uz43mwp":74,"$f2h3aorgn14x4b":75,"$fqd3v3ubcdziz":76,"$f3gnk2me8gjwds":97,"$f3lwool1ayo1na":108,"$fobp4rfdgwg56":109,"$f35vo0ylezhku3":625,"$f5w9jeaqfx515":628,"$f2gvnhqgrxhcxk":908},{"id":4,"name":5,"country":6,"region":7,"lat":8,"lon":9,"task":10,"framework":11,"since":12,"until":13,"contributors":14,"explanation":24,"sources":32,"updated":31,"domain":37},"bosnie-rapid-reaction-force","Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) in Bosnië","Bosnië en Herzegovina",null,44.2,17.8,"Een mortiercompagnie van het Korps Mariniers, een mortieropsporingsradareenheid van de landmacht en stafofficieren versterkten UNPROFOR als deel van de Frans-Britse Rapid Reaction Force.","VN UNPROFOR, Frans-Britse Rapid Reaction Force (RRF)","1995-06-17","1995-12-20",[15],{"service":16,"unit":17,"source":18,"official":21},"marine","Korps Mariniers",{"title":19,"url":20},"De Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) in Bosnië | Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nimh.nl\u002Fmilitaire-geschiedenis-van-nederland\u002Fhistorische-overzichten\u002Fencyclopedie-internationale-operaties\u002F1995-06-rrf-bosnie\u002Findex",{"text":22,"source":23},"De Nederlandse regering besloot op 7 juni 1995 tot deelname aan de Frans\u002FBritse Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) met een versterkte mortiercompagnie van het Korps Mariniers (158 militairen) met zes mortieren 120 mm, een mortieropsporingsradareenheid van de Koninklijke Landmacht (22 militairen) en zes staffunctionarissen.",{"title":19,"url":20},{"official":25,"plain":28,"writtenBy":29,"reviewed":30,"updated":31},{"text":26,"source":27},"De internationale machteloosheid deed Frankrijk, Groot-Brittannië en Nederland in het voorjaar besluiten de slagkracht van UNPROFOR te vergroten. … De Nederlandse regering besloot op 7 juni 1995 tot deelname aan de Frans\u002FBritse Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) met een versterkte mortiercompagnie van het Korps Mariniers (158 militairen) met zes mortieren 120 mm, een mortieropsporingsradareenheid van de Koninklijke Landmacht (22 militairen) en zes staffunctionarissen. … Zo’n 125 militairen vertrokken op 11 juli uit Split, maar bivakkeerde noodgedwongen vijf weken lang elders in Kroatië voordat de RRF toestemming kreeg om zich op de berg Igman bij Sarajevo te ontplooien. … NAVO-vliegtuigen en de RRF straften in een gezamenlijke actie een op 28 augustus uitgevoerde bloedige Bosnisch-Servische mortierbeschieting op Sarajevo af, door twee weken lang de stellingen van de Bosnische Serviërs rondom Sarajevo onder vuur te nemen (operatie Deliberate Force). … De RRF en daarmee ook de MNB gingen op 20 december 1995 over in de nieuwe NAVO-operatie: IFOR.",{"title":19,"url":20},"In 1995 deed Nederland mee aan de Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) van Frankrijk en Groot-Brittannië in Bosnië. Die troepenmacht moest de VN-vredesmacht UNPROFOR sterker maken. Nederland stuurde een mortiercompagnie van het Korps Mariniers, een eenheid met mortieropsporingsradars van de landmacht en zes stafmensen. De RRF stond op de berg Igman bij Sarajevo. Na een mortierbeschieting op Sarajevo nam de RRF samen met NAVO-vliegtuigen twee weken lang stellingen van de Bosnische Serviërs onder vuur. 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Als het nodig was, mocht IFOR daarbij geweld gebruiken.",{"title":52,"url":53},"Missie IFOR Bosnië","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nlveteraneninstituut.nl\u002Fmissies\u002Fmissie-ifor-bosnie\u002F","2026-11-02",{"id":56,"term":57,"aliases":58,"plain":59,"source":60,"writtenBy":29,"reviewed":30,"updated":63},"navo","NAVO",[],"Een bondgenootschap van landen die samen hun grondgebied verdedigen. De NAVO neemt ook maatregelen om aanvallen te voorkomen.",{"title":61,"url":62},"Versterking oostflank NAVO-gebied","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fonderwerpen\u002Fo\u002Foostflank-navo-gebied\u002Fversterking-oostflank-navo-gebied","2026-10-22",{"id":65,"term":66,"aliases":67,"plain":69,"source":70,"writtenBy":29,"reviewed":30,"updated":54},"unprofor","UNPROFOR",[68],"United Nations Protection Force","United Nations Protection Force: een licht bewapende vredesmacht van de Verenigde Naties (VN). 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Treaty … 7 March 2024: Accession of Sweden",{"title":941,"url":942},"NAVO: Enlargement and Article 10","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpartnerships-and-cooperation\u002Fenlargement-and-article-10","2026-11-04",{"id":945,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":946,"countries":947,"summary":949,"official":950,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2023-04-04","2023-04-04",[948],"Finland","Finland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":951,"source":952},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 4 April 2023: Accession of Finland",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":954,"article":932,"kind":955,"date":956,"countries":957,"summary":958,"official":959,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2022-07-05","toetredingsprotocol","2022-07-05",[948,936],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor Finland en Zweden. Daarmee werden beide landen officieel genodigde.",{"text":960,"source":961},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 July 2022: Allies sign the Accession Protocols for Finland and Sweden, making them official Invitees.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":963,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":965,"until":966,"countries":967,"summary":968,"official":969,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2022-06-29","uitnodiging","2022-06-29","2022-06-30",[948,936],"Op de top in Madrid nodigde de NAVO Finland en Zweden officieel uit om lid te worden.",{"text":970,"source":971},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29-30 June 2022: Heads of State and Government from Finland, Georgia, Sweden and Ukraine and the Defence Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina take part in the NATO Summit in Madrid. NATO reaffirms its commitment to its \"open door policy\", formally inviting Finland and Sweden to become members of NATO",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":973,"article":911,"date":974,"countries":975,"summary":982,"official":983,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2022-02-24","2022-02-24",[976,977,914,978,979,925,980,981],"Bulgarije","Tsjechië","Letland","Litouwen","Roemenië","Slowakije","Acht bondgenoten vroegen om overleg op de dag dat Rusland Oekraïne volledig binnenviel.",{"text":984,"source":985},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 24 February 2022, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia requested to hold consultations under Article 4 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":987,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":988,"countries":989,"summary":991,"official":992,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2020-03-27","2020-03-27",[990],"Noord-Macedonië","Noord-Macedonië werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":993,"source":994},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 27 March 2020: Accession of the Republic of North Macedonia",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":996,"article":911,"date":997,"countries":998,"summary":1000,"official":1001,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2020-02-28","2020-02-28",[999],"Turkije","Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Turkse militairen waren omgekomen bij luchtaanvallen in de Syrische provincie Idlib.",{"text":1002,"source":1003},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 28 February 2020, Türkiye requested consultations following the death of Turkish soldiers in air strikes by the Syrian regime and its backer Russia in Idlib province.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1005,"article":932,"kind":955,"date":1006,"countries":1007,"summary":1008,"official":1009,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2019-02-06","2019-02-06",[990],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Noord-Macedonië. Daarna deed het land als genodigde mee aan activiteiten van de NAVO.",{"text":1010,"source":1011},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 February 2019: The Allies sign the Accession Protocol of the Republic of North Macedonia, following which the country takes part in NATO activities as an invitee.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1013,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":1014,"countries":1015,"summary":1016,"official":1017,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2018-07-11","2018-07-11",[990],"Na het akkoord tussen Athene en Skopje over de naam van het land nodigden de NAVO-leiders Skopje uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1018,"source":1019},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 11 July 2018: At the Brussels Summit, following the historic agreement between Athens and Skopje on the solution of the name issue, Allied leaders invite the government in Skopje to begin accession talks to join NATO.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1021,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1022,"countries":1023,"summary":1025,"official":1026,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2017-06-05","2017-06-05",[1024],"Montenegro","Montenegro werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1027,"source":1028},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 June 2017: Accession of Montenegro",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1030,"article":932,"kind":955,"date":1031,"countries":1032,"summary":1033,"official":1034,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2016-05-19","2016-05-19",[1024],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Montenegro. Daarna mocht Montenegro als genodigde vergaderingen van de NAVO bijwonen.",{"text":1035,"source":1036},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 19 May 2016: Allied ministers sign the Accession Protocol, following which Montenegro has 'Invitee' status and starts attending North Atlantic Council and other NATO meetings.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1038,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":1039,"countries":1040,"summary":1041,"official":1042,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2015-12-02","2015-12-02",[1024],"De ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken van de NAVO nodigden Montenegro uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1043,"source":1044},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2 December 2015: NATO Foreign Ministers meeting in Brussels invite Montenegro to start accession talks to join the Alliance, while encouraging further progress on reforms, especially in the area of rule of law.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1046,"article":911,"date":1047,"countries":1048,"summary":1049,"official":1050,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2015-07-26","2015-07-26",[999],"Turkije vroeg om overleg na terroristische aanslagen, en om de bondgenoten over zijn maatregelen te informeren.",{"text":1051,"source":1052},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 26 July 2015, Türkiye requested that the NAC convene in view of the seriousness of the situation following terrorist attacks, and to inform Allies of the measures it was taking.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1054,"article":911,"date":1055,"countries":1056,"summary":1057,"official":1058,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2014-03-03","2014-03-03",[925],"Polen vroeg om overleg om de oplopende spanningen in buurland Oekraïne door het optreden van Rusland.",{"text":1059,"source":1060},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 March 2014, Poland invoked Article 4 following increasing tensions in neighbouring Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s aggressive actions.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1062,"article":911,"date":1063,"countries":1064,"summary":1065,"official":1066,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2012-10-03","2012-10-03",[999],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische granaten vijf Turkse burgers hadden gedood. Daarna vroeg Turkije om Patriot-luchtverdediging.",{"text":1067,"source":1068},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 October 2012, Türkiye requested Article 4 NAC consultations when five Turkish civilians were killed by Syrian shells. Following these incidents, on 21 November 2012, Türkiye requested the deployment of Patriot missiles.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1070,"article":911,"date":1071,"countries":1072,"summary":1073,"official":1074,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2012-06-22","2012-06-22",[999],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische luchtverdediging een Turks gevechtsvliegtuig had neergeschoten.",{"text":1075,"source":1076},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 22 June 2012, Türkiye requested a NAC meeting under Article 4 after one of its fighter jets was shot down by Syrian air defence forces.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1078,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1079,"countries":1080,"summary":1081,"official":1082,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2009-04-01","2009-04-01",[874,762],"Albanië en Kroatië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1083,"source":1084},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 1 April 2009: Accession of Albania and Croatia",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1086,"article":932,"kind":955,"date":1087,"countries":1088,"summary":1089,"official":1090,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2008-07-09","2008-07-09",[874,762],"De toetredingsprotocollen voor Albanië en Kroatië werden getekend.",{"text":1091,"source":1092},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 9 July 2008: Accession Protocols for Albania and Croatia are signed.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1094,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":1095,"until":1096,"countries":1097,"summary":1098,"official":1099,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2008-04-02","2008-04-02","2008-04-04",[874,762],"Op de top in Boekarest nodigden de NAVO-leiders Albanië en Kroatië uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1100,"source":1101},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2-4 April 2008: At the Bucharest Summit, Allied Leaders invite Albania and Croatia to start accession talks",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1103,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1104,"countries":1105,"summary":1107,"official":1108,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2004-03-29","2004-03-29",[976,914,978,979,980,981,1106],"Slovenië","Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1109,"source":1110},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29 March 2004: Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1112,"article":932,"kind":955,"date":1113,"countries":1114,"summary":1115,"official":1116,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2003-03-26","2003-03-26",[976,914,978,979,980,981,1106],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor zeven landen die waren uitgenodigd lid te worden.",{"text":1117,"source":1118},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks. 26 March 2003: Signing ceremony of the Accession Protocols of the seven invitees.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1120,"article":911,"date":1121,"countries":1122,"summary":1123,"official":1124,"updated":63},"artikel-4-2003-02-10","2003-02-10",[999],"Turkije vroeg om overleg over verdediging tegen de dreiging van de oorlog in buurland Irak.",{"text":1125,"source":1126},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 10 February 2003, Türkiye formally invoked Article 4, asking for consultations in the NAC on defensive assistance from NATO in the event of a threat to its population or territory resulting from armed conflict in neighbouring Iraq.",{"title":919,"url":920},{"id":1128,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":1129,"until":1130,"countries":1131,"summary":1132,"official":1133,"updated":943},"artikel-10-2002-11-21","2002-11-21","2002-11-22",[976,914,978,979,980,981,1106],"Op de top in Praag werden Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1134,"source":1135},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1137,"article":1138,"date":1139,"countries":1140,"summary":1142,"official":1143,"missions":1148,"updated":63},"artikel-5-2001-10-02",5,"2001-10-02",[1141],"Verenigde Staten","Na onderzoek naar de aanslagen stelde de NAVO vast dat ze onder artikel 5 vielen. Daarop volgden de NAVO-operaties Eagle Assist en Active Endeavour.",{"text":1144,"source":1145},"On 2 October 2001, once the Council had been briefed on the results of investigations into the 9\u002F11 attacks, it determined that they were effectively regarded as an action covered by Article 5.",{"title":1146,"url":1147},"NAVO: Collective defence and Article 5","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fintroduction-to-nato\u002Fcollective-defence-and-article-5",[1149],{"missionId":1150,"official":1151},"middellandse-zee-active-endeavour",{"text":1152,"source":1153},"On 26 October 2001, the Alliance launched its second counter-terrorism operation in response to the attacks on the United States, Operation Active Endeavour, which involved elements of NATO's Standing Naval Forces patrol",{"title":1146,"url":1147},{"id":1155,"article":1138,"date":1156,"countries":1157,"summary":1158,"official":1159,"updated":63},"artikel-5-2001-09-12","2001-09-12",[1141],"Een dag na de aanslagen van 11 september besloot de NAVO dat een aanval vanuit het buitenland op de Verenigde Staten zou gelden als een aanval op alle bondgenoten. De eerste en enige keer dat artikel 5 is ingeroepen.",{"text":1160,"source":1161},"On the evening of 12 September 2001, less than 24 hours after the attacks, Allies met in the North Atlantic Council. The Council agreed “that if it is determined that this attack was directed from abroad against the United States, it shall be regarded as an action covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty”.",{"title":1146,"url":1147},{"id":1163,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1164,"countries":1165,"summary":1167,"official":1168,"updated":943},"artikel-10-1999-03-12","1999-03-12",[977,1166,925],"Hongarije","Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen werden lid van de NAVO. Daarmee had het bondgenootschap 19 leden.",{"text":1169,"source":1170},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 12 March 1999: Accession of Czechia, Hungary and Poland, bringing the Alliance to 19 members.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1172,"article":932,"kind":964,"date":1173,"until":1174,"countries":1175,"summary":1176,"official":1177,"updated":943},"artikel-10-1997-07-08","1997-07-08","1997-07-09",[977,1166,925],"Op de top in Madrid werden Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1178,"source":1179},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 8-9 July 1997: At the Madrid Summit, three partner countries – Czechia, Hungary and Poland – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1181,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1182,"countries":1183,"summary":1185,"official":1186,"updated":943},"artikel-10-1982-05-30","1982-05-30",[1184],"Spanje","Spanje werd lid van de NAVO. In 1998 ging het ook deel uitmaken van de gezamenlijke militaire structuur.",{"text":1187,"source":1188},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 30 May 1982: Spain joins the Alliance (and the integrated military structure in 1998).",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1190,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1191,"countries":1192,"summary":1194,"official":1195,"updated":943},"artikel-10-1955-05-06","1955-05-06",[1193],"Duitsland","De Bondsrepubliek Duitsland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1196,"source":1197},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 May 1955: Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany",{"title":941,"url":942},{"id":1199,"article":932,"kind":933,"date":1200,"countries":1201,"summary":1203,"official":1204,"updated":943},"artikel-10-1952-02-18","1952-02-18",[1202,999],"Griekenland","Griekenland en Turkije werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1205,"source":1206},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 18 February 1952: Accession of Greece and Türkiye",{"title":941,"url":942}]