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Volkel","Volkel",51.6555,[193],{"title":477,"url":482},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fvolkel",[484,489,492,495],{"unit":485,"source":486},"312 Squadron",{"title":487,"url":488},"Squadrons op Vliegbasis Volkel","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fvolkel\u002Fsquadrons",{"unit":490,"source":491},"313 Squadron",{"title":487,"url":488},{"unit":493,"source":494},"640 Squadron",{"title":487,"url":488},{"unit":496,"source":497},"901 Squadron",{"title":487,"url":488},{"id":499,"name":500,"place":501,"kind":285,"lat":502,"services":503,"source":504,"units":507,"hasBoundary":45},"vliegbasis-woensdrecht","Vliegbasis Woensdrecht","Woensdrecht",51.4304,[193],{"title":505,"url":506},"Vliegbasis Woensdrecht - Air Support Command","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fwoensdrecht",[508,511,516,519],{"unit":509,"source":510},"Air Support Command",{"title":505,"url":506},{"unit":512,"source":513},"Royal Air Education and Training Center",{"title":514,"url":515},"Royal Air Education and Training Center (voorheen Koninklijke Militaire School Luchtmacht)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fvliegbases-en-luchtmachtonderdelen\u002Fwoensdrecht\u002Fkmsl-vlb-wdt",{"unit":517,"source":518},"Air Depot en Program Management",{"title":505,"url":506},{"unit":520,"source":521},"Defensie Expertise Centrum Diensthonden",{"title":514,"url":515},[523,531,539,548,557,566,574,583],{"id":524,"name":525,"missionId":526,"since":527,"until":7,"source":528},"camp-humphreys","Camp Humphreys","zuid-korea-unc","2025-01",{"title":529,"url":530},"Staatscourant 2025, 13726","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2025-13726.html",{"id":532,"name":533,"missionId":534,"since":535,"until":536,"source":537},"airbase-amari","Airbase Amari","estland-eap","2024-12-01","2025-03-31",{"title":538,"url":530},"Staatscourant 2025, 13726: Wijziging Besluit gespen Herinneringsmedaille Internationale Missies",{"id":540,"name":541,"missionId":542,"since":543,"until":544,"source":545},"luchthaven-siauliai","luchthaven Siauliai","baltische-staten-bap","2017-01","2017-04",{"title":546,"url":547},"Staatscourant 2021, 39134","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2021-39134.html",{"id":549,"name":550,"missionId":551,"since":552,"until":553,"source":554},"kamp-castor","Kamp Castor","mali-minusma","2014-04","2023-12",{"title":555,"url":556},"Nederlandse bijdrage in Mali (Defensie)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fonderwerpen\u002Fm\u002Fmissie-in-mali\u002Fnederlandse-bijdrage",{"id":558,"name":559,"missionId":560,"since":561,"until":562,"source":563},"incirlik-airbase","Incirlik Airbase","turkije-active-fence","2013-01","2015-01",{"title":564,"url":565},"Regeling tot wijziging Besluit gespen Herinneringsmedaille Vredesoperaties (Stcrt. 2014, 15201)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fstcrt-2014-15201.html",{"id":567,"name":568,"missionId":569,"since":570,"until":7,"source":571},"camp-butmir","Camp Butmir","bosnie-althea","2004-12-02",{"title":572,"url":573},"Militaire bijdrage Nederland in Bosnië en Herzegovina","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fonderwerpen\u002Fm\u002Fmissie-in-bosnie-en-herzegovina\u002Fmilitaire-bijdrage-nederland-in-bosnie-en-herzegovina",{"id":575,"name":576,"missionId":577,"since":578,"until":579,"source":580},"vliegbasis-amendola","vliegbasis Amendola","joegoslavie-allied-force","1999-03-24","1999-06",{"title":581,"url":582},"Kamerstuk 22181, nr. 311","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-22181-311.html",{"id":584,"name":585,"missionId":586,"since":587,"until":588,"source":589},"vliegbasis-diyarbakir","vliegbasis Diyarbakir","golfoorlog-1990","1990","1991",{"title":590,"url":591},"Geschiedenis luchtmacht","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.defensie.nl\u002Fdefensieonderdelen\u002Fkoninklijke-luchtmacht\u002Fgeschiedenis",{"events":593,"outcomes":657},[594,604,613,620,627,642,650],{"id":595,"missionId":4,"date":596,"kind":597,"official":598,"evidence":602,"plain":603,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1991-06-1","1991-06","start",{"text":599,"source":600},"Het Ministerie van Defensie stelde tussen juni 1991 en november 1998 veertien specialisten op het gebied van de nucleaire, biologische en chemische oorlogvoering ter beschikking, telkens voor periodes van twee tot zeven maanden.",{"title":601,"url":19},"NIMH, Encyclopedie Internationale Operaties: United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM, 1991-1998)","geschiedenis","Van juni 1991 tot november 1998 stelde Defensie veertien specialisten in kernwapens en biologische en chemische wapens beschikbaar. Ze gingen steeds twee tot zeven maanden.",{"id":605,"missionId":4,"date":606,"kind":607,"official":608,"evidence":611,"plain":612,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1992-04-1","1992-04","besluit",{"text":609,"source":610},"In april 1992 heeft de VN Nederland verzocht om een personele en materiële bijdrage aan UNSCOM te leveren ten behoeve van het destructieprogramma van chemische wapens. Er is gekozen voor een beperkte, maar representatieve bijdrage, gezien de grote betrokkenheid van Nederland bij andere VN-operaties.",{"title":36,"url":37},"kamerbrief","In april 1992 vroeg de VN Nederland om mensen en materiaal voor het vernietigen van chemische wapens. Nederland koos voor een kleine bijdrage, omdat het al veel deed voor andere VN-missies.",{"id":614,"missionId":4,"date":615,"kind":597,"official":616,"evidence":611,"plain":619,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1992-06-1","1992-06",{"text":617,"source":618},"Er is een hoeveelheid technische uitrusting geleverd. Bovendien maken sinds juni 1992 twee medewerkers van Defensie deel uit van de «Chemical Destruction Group».",{"title":36,"url":37},"Nederland leverde technische uitrusting. Sinds juni 1992 werkten twee mensen van Defensie in de groep van UNSCOM die chemische wapens vernietigde.",{"id":621,"missionId":4,"date":622,"kind":597,"official":623,"evidence":602,"plain":626,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1993-06-28-1","1993-06-28",{"text":624,"source":625},"Eén van hen, een luitenant-kolonel, werd meerdere malen te werk gesteld bij UNSCOM. Hij fungeerde onder meer, van 28 juni 1993 tot 27 februari 1994, als hoofd van de Chemical Destruction Group van UNSCOM.",{"title":601,"url":19},"Een Nederlandse luitenant-kolonel was van 28 juni 1993 tot 27 februari 1994 hoofd van de groep van UNSCOM die chemische wapens vernietigde.",{"id":628,"missionId":4,"date":629,"kind":597,"place":630,"official":635,"evidence":640,"plain":641,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1994-04-05-1","1994-04-05",{"name":631,"lookup":632},"New York",{"name":631,"country":633,"what":634},"US","city",{"text":636,"source":637},"Sinds 5 april 1994 is één officier in New York geplaatst ten behoeve van het toezicht op de vernietiging van de massavernietigingswapens van Irak. In het kader van de «provisory ongoing monitoring» van Iraakse chemische installaties door de VN, worden inspectieteams ingezet, waaraan ook Nederlandse militairen geregeld deelnemen.",{"title":638,"url":639},"Kamerstuk 25000 X, nr. 2: Rijksbegroting van het ministerie van Defensie voor het jaar 1997, memorie van toelichting (30 september 1996)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-25000-X-2.html","jaarverslag","Sinds 5 april 1994 werkte een Nederlandse officier in New York aan het toezicht op het vernietigen van de Iraakse wapens. Nederlandse militairen gingen ook geregeld mee met inspecties.",{"id":643,"missionId":4,"date":644,"kind":645,"official":646,"evidence":602,"plain":649,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1996-03-1","1996-03","operatie",{"text":647,"source":648},"In maart 1996 onderzocht een inspectieteam onder leiding van de overste de gebombardeerde kantoren van het Muthanna State Establishment, een gifgascomplex. Zijn teamleden en hij troffen onder het puin meer dan vijfduizend pagina’s geclassificeerde Iraakse documenten aan, inclusief memo’s, organogrammen, officiële correspondentie, bandopnames, computerdisks en wetenschappelijke artikelen.",{"title":601,"url":19},"In maart 1996 doorzocht een team onder leiding van de Nederlandse luitenant-kolonel kapotte kantoren van een gifgasfabriek. Ze vonden meer dan vijfduizend pagina’s geheime papieren.",{"id":651,"missionId":4,"date":13,"kind":652,"official":653,"evidence":602,"plain":656,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-1998-11-10-1","einde",{"text":654,"source":655},"Dit proces resulteerde op 31 oktober 1998 in de stopzetting van alle Iraakse medewerking aan het ontwapeningsprogramma. UNSCOM trok zich op 10 november terug uit Irak.",{"title":601,"url":19},"Op 31 oktober 1998 stopte Irak alle medewerking aan de ontwapening. Op 10 november trok UNSCOM zich terug uit Irak.",[658,665,671,677,685],{"id":659,"missionId":4,"kind":660,"official":661,"evidence":611,"plain":664,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-resultaat-1","resultaat",{"text":662,"source":663},"De inventarisatie van nucleaire, chemische en ballistische wapens en raketten is - ondanks veel tegenwerking - redelijk succesvol verlopen. Irak weigert nog steeds gegevens te verstrekken over leveranciers van produktiemiddelen van nucleaire, chemische en biologische wapens.",{"title":36,"url":37},"Volgens de minister ging het in kaart brengen van de Iraakse wapens en raketten redelijk goed, ondanks veel tegenwerking. Irak weigerde nog te zeggen wie de middelen had geleverd.",{"id":666,"missionId":4,"kind":660,"official":667,"evidence":602,"plain":670,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-resultaat-2",{"text":668,"source":669},"De documenten bewezen dat Irak tussen de vijftig en honderd ton VX moest hebben gehad of op dat moment nog had, wat het land tot dan toe altijd had ontkend.",{"title":601,"url":19},"De gevonden papieren bewezen dat Irak vijftig tot honderd ton van het gifgas VX had gehad of nog had. Irak had dat altijd ontkend.",{"id":672,"missionId":4,"kind":660,"official":673,"evidence":602,"plain":676,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-resultaat-3",{"text":674,"source":675},"Irak toonde zich bijzonder terughoudend in de gemaakte afspraken. De inspecties ter ontwapening van het land ontwikkelden zich tot een kat-en-muisspel. … Vaak werden de teams ernstig gehinderd en onvoldoende of misleidend geïnformeerd.",{"title":601,"url":19},"Irak werkte slecht mee en de inspecties werden een kat-en-muisspel. De teams werden vaak gehinderd en kregen te weinig of misleidende informatie.",{"id":678,"missionId":4,"kind":679,"count":680,"official":681,"evidence":602,"plain":684,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-omvang-1","omvang",14,{"text":682,"source":683},"Aantal militairen: 14",{"title":601,"url":19},"Volgens het NIMH gingen in totaal 14 Nederlandse militairen mee.",{"id":686,"missionId":4,"kind":687,"who":688,"count":689,"official":690,"evidence":602,"plain":693,"writtenBy":21,"reviewed":22,"updated":54},"irak-unscom-slachtoffers-1","slachtoffers","doden",0,{"text":691,"source":692},"Dodelijke slachtoffers: geen",{"title":601,"url":19},"Volgens het NIMH kwam er geen Nederlandse militair om.",[695,708,719,730,744,760],{"id":696,"name":697,"domain":698,"since":699,"until":7,"km":689,"from":700,"to":702,"rough":22},"irak-nmi","NATO Mission in Irak (NMI)","training","2018-12",{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":701},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":26,"lat":703,"lon":704,"source":705},33.34,44.4,{"title":706,"url":707},"Jaarlijkse Voortgangsrapportage Overige Missiebijdragen mei 2025 tot en met april 2026 (20 mei 2026)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fblg-1249067.pdf",{"id":709,"name":710,"domain":698,"since":711,"until":712,"km":689,"from":713,"to":715,"rough":22},"irak","Operation Inherent Resolve — Irak","2014-10","2026-09-30",{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":714},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":716},{"title":717,"url":718},"Evaluatie Nederlandse bijdrage aan missies en operaties in 2017 (15 mei 2018)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fofficielepublicaties\u002Fblg\u002Fonopgemaakt\u002Fblg-847646\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002Fblg-847646.pdf",{"id":720,"name":721,"domain":698,"since":722,"until":723,"km":689,"from":724,"to":726,"rough":22},"irak-ntm-i","NATO Training Mission Iraq (NTM-I)","2005-02","2011-12",{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":725},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":727},{"title":728,"url":729},"Kamerstuk 29521, nr. 153: Nederlandse bijdrage aan de NAVO-trainingsmissie in Irak (NTM-I)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-29521-153.html",{"id":731,"name":732,"domain":193,"since":733,"until":734,"km":735,"from":736,"to":738,"rough":22},"irak-wfp-2004","UN World Food Program Iraq Mission","2004-01-20","2004-08-03",18,{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":737},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":26,"lat":739,"lon":740,"source":741},33.2585,44.2328,{"title":742,"url":743},"NIMH, Encyclopedie Internationale Operaties: UN World Food Program Iraq Mission (2004)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nimh.nl\u002Fmilitaire-geschiedenis-van-nederland\u002Fhistorische-overzichten\u002Fencyclopedie-internationale-operaties\u002F2004-01-un-world-food-program\u002Findex",{"id":745,"name":746,"domain":747,"since":748,"until":749,"km":750,"from":751,"to":753,"rough":22},"irak-sfir","Stabilisation Force Iraq (SFIR)","landoptreden","2003","2005",215,{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":752},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":754,"lat":755,"lon":756,"source":757},"Ar-Rumaythah",31.5284,45.2038,{"title":758,"url":759},"Kamerstuk 23432, nr. 134: verlenging bijdrage stabilisatiemacht Irak (28 november 2003)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-23432-134.html",{"id":761,"name":762,"domain":747,"since":588,"until":763,"km":764,"from":765,"to":767,"rough":22},"irak-provide-comfort","Operatie Provide Comfort","1991-09",445,{"name":26,"lat":28,"lon":29,"source":766},{"title":36,"url":37},{"name":768,"lat":769,"lon":770,"source":771},"Batufa",37.1745,43.0123,{"title":772,"url":773},"Kamerstuk 21664, nr. 68: Midden-Oosten conflict (27 mei 1991)","https:\u002F\u002Frepository.overheid.nl\u002Ffrbr\u002Fsgd\u002F19901991\u002F0000030571\u002F1\u002Fpdf\u002FSGD_19901991_0004084.pdf",{"span":775,"conflicts":778,"places":825,"source":833,"definitions":836},[776,777],1991,1998,[779,803,817],{"conflictId":780,"location":781,"sideA":782,"sideB":783,"territory":7,"years":784},"259","Iraq","Government of Iraq","SCIRI",[785,788,791,794,797,800],{"year":776,"intensity":786,"id":787},1,"ucdp-259-1991",{"year":789,"intensity":786,"id":790},1992,"ucdp-259-1992",{"year":792,"intensity":786,"id":793},1993,"ucdp-259-1993",{"year":795,"intensity":786,"id":796},1994,"ucdp-259-1994",{"year":798,"intensity":786,"id":799},1995,"ucdp-259-1995",{"year":801,"intensity":786,"id":802},1996,"ucdp-259-1996",{"conflictId":804,"location":781,"sideA":782,"sideB":805,"territory":806,"years":807},"271","PUK","Kurdistan",[808,811,813,815],{"year":776,"intensity":809,"id":810},2,"ucdp-271-1991",{"year":789,"intensity":786,"id":812},"ucdp-271-1992",{"year":798,"intensity":786,"id":814},"ucdp-271-1995",{"year":801,"intensity":786,"id":816},"ucdp-271-1996",{"conflictId":818,"location":819,"sideA":782,"sideB":820,"territory":821,"years":822},"371","Iraq, Kuwait","Government of Kuwait","Kuwait",[823],{"year":776,"intensity":809,"id":824},"ucdp-371-1991",{"Iraq":826,"Kuwait":829},{"name":6,"lat":827,"lon":828},33.09,43.26,{"name":830,"lat":831,"lon":832},"Koeweit",29.41,47.31,{"title":834,"url":835},"UCDP\u002FPRIO Armed Conflict Dataset version 26.1","https:\u002F\u002Fucdp.uu.se\u002Fdownloads\u002Fucdpprio\u002Fucdp-prio-acd-261-csv.zip",{"minor":837,"war":842,"citation":845},{"text":838,"source":839},"1= Minor: between 25 and 999 battle-related deaths in a given year.",{"title":840,"url":841},"UCDP\u002FPRIO Armed Conflict Dataset Codebook, version 26.1","https:\u002F\u002Fucdp.uu.se\u002Fdownloads\u002Fucdpprio\u002Fucdp-prio-acd-261.pdf",{"text":843,"source":844},"2= War: at least 1,000 battle-related deaths in a given year.",{"title":840,"url":841},{"text":846,"source":847},"Shawn Davies, Therése Pettersson, Magnus Öberg, Organized violence 1989–2025, and violent political protests, Journal of Peace Research, 2026. https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fjopres\u002Fxjag046",{"title":848,"url":849},"UCDP Dataset Download Center","https:\u002F\u002Fucdp.uu.se\u002Fdownloads\u002F",[],[852],{"id":853,"name":854,"since":855,"until":856,"parties":857,"source":860,"ministers":863},"kabinet-lubbers-iii","Kabinet-Lubbers III","1989-11-07","1994-08-22",[858,859],"CDA","PvdA",{"title":861,"url":862},"Kabinet-Lubbers III (1989-1994) | Rijksoverheid.nl","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl\u002Fregering\u002Fover-de-regering\u002Fkabinetten-sinds-1945\u002Fkabinet-lubbers-iii",[864,871,877,880,886,889],{"office":865,"officeName":866,"name":867,"source":868},"minister-president","Minister-president","Drs. R.F.M. Lubbers",{"title":869,"url":870},"Kabinet-Lubbers III (1989-1994) | Parlement.com","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.parlement.com\u002Fkabinet-lubbers-iii-1989-1994",{"office":872,"officeName":873,"name":874,"until":875,"source":876},"buitenlandse zaken","Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken","mr. H. van den Broek","1993-01-02",{"title":861,"url":862},{"office":872,"officeName":873,"name":878,"since":875,"source":879},"Dr. P.H. Kooijmans",{"title":869,"url":870},{"office":881,"officeName":882,"name":883,"until":884,"source":885},"justitie","Minister van Justitie","Dr. E.H.M. Hirsch Ballin","1994-05-27",{"title":869,"url":870},{"office":881,"officeName":882,"name":887,"since":884,"source":888},"Mr. A. Kosto",{"title":869,"url":870},{"office":890,"officeName":891,"name":892,"source":893},"defensie","Minister van Defensie","A.L. ter Beek",{"title":869,"url":870},[895,923],{"id":896,"missionIds":897,"number":898,"title":899,"submitted":900,"submitters":901,"text":903,"voted":908,"result":909,"resultText":910,"plain":915,"sources":916,"note":922,"updated":58},"motie-25889-1",[4],"Kamerstuk 25889, nr. 1","Motie van het lid Rosenmöller over het ontbreken van een juridische basis in VN-resoluties voor een militaire interventie van de VS in Irak","1998-02-11",[902],"Rosenmöller",{"text":904,"source":905},"overwegende, dat alle diplomatieke en politieke mogelijkheden benut moeten worden om een oplossing te bereiken in de crisis rond de UNSCOM-inspecties in Irak; spreekt als haar mening uit dat een unilaterale militaire interventie van de Verenigde Staten en eventuele bondgenoten geen juridische basis vindt in bestaande VN-resoluties,",{"title":906,"url":907},"Kamerstuk 25889, nr. 1: Motie van het lid Rosenmöller (officielebekendmakingen.nl)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-25889-1.html","1998-02-19","verworpen",{"text":911,"source":912},"In stemming komt de motie-Rosenmöller (25889, nr. 1). De voorzitter: Ik constateer, dat de aanwezige leden van de fracties van GroenLinks en de SP voor deze motie hebben gestemd en die van de overige fracties ertegen, zodat zij is verworpen.",{"title":913,"url":914},"Handelingen II 1997-1998, blz. 4385: Stemmingen over twee moties, ingediend bij de interpellatie-Verhagen inzake Irak (19 februari 1998)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fh-tk-19971998-4385-4385.html","De motie wilde de Kamer laten uitspreken dat een eenzijdige militaire interventie van de Verenigde Staten en eventuele bondgenoten in Irak geen juridische basis had in de bestaande VN-resoluties. Ze noemde de crisis rond de UNSCOM-inspecties. De Kamer verwierp de motie.",[917,918,921],{"title":906,"url":907},{"title":919,"url":920},"Handelingen II 1997-1998, blz. 4126: Stemmingen over twee moties, ingediend tijdens de interpellatie-Verhagen inzake Irak (17 februari 1998)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fh-tk-19971998-4126-4126.html",{"title":913,"url":914},"De motie noemt UNSCOM alleen in een overweging; ze gaat over een militaire interventie van de Verenigde Staten.",{"id":924,"missionIds":925,"number":926,"title":927,"submitted":900,"submitters":928,"text":929,"voted":908,"result":909,"resultText":934,"plain":937,"sources":938,"note":942,"updated":58},"motie-25889-2",[4],"Kamerstuk 25889, nr. 2","Motie van het lid Rosenmöller over het niet aanbieden van militaire steun door Nederland aan de Verenigde Staten t.b.v. de crisis in Irak",[902],{"text":930,"source":931},"overwegende, dat de Nederlandse regering van mening is dat alle diplomatieke en politieke mogelijkheden benut moeten worden om een oplossing te bereiken in de crisis rond de UNSCOM-inspecties in Irak, teneinde een gewapend conflict en onnodig bloedvergieten te voorkomen; verzoekt de regering af te zien van het aanbieden van militaire steun aan de Verenigde Staten,",{"title":932,"url":933},"Kamerstuk 25889, nr. 2: Motie van het lid Rosenmöller (officielebekendmakingen.nl)","https:\u002F\u002Fzoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl\u002Fkst-25889-2.html",{"text":935,"source":936},"In stemming komt de motie-Rosenmöller (25889, nr. 2). De voorzitter: Ik constateer, dat de aanwezige leden van de fracties van GroenLinks en de SP voor deze motie hebben gestemd en die van de overige fracties ertegen, zodat zij is verworpen.",{"title":913,"url":914},"De motie vroeg de regering de Verenigde Staten geen militaire steun aan te bieden in de crisis rond de UNSCOM-inspecties in Irak. De Kamer verwierp de motie.",[939,940,941],{"title":932,"url":933},{"title":919,"url":920},{"title":913,"url":914},"De motie noemt UNSCOM alleen in een overweging; ze gaat over militaire steun aan de Verenigde Staten.",[944,957,966,980,989,998,1008,1022,1031,1040,1048,1056,1065,1073,1081,1089,1097,1105,1113,1123,1131,1140,1149,1157,1165,1174,1192,1200,1209,1218,1227,1236],{"id":945,"article":946,"date":947,"countries":948,"summary":950,"official":951,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2025-09-23",4,"2025-09-23",[949],"Estland","De NAVO kwam bijeen op verzoek van Estland, nadat drie Russische gevechtsvliegtuigen het Estse luchtruim hadden geschonden.",{"text":952,"source":953},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 23 September 2025, the North Atlantic Council met following Estonia’s request for Article 4 consultations after three Russian fighter jets violated Estonian airspace on 19 September 2025.",{"title":954,"url":955},"NAVO: The consultation process and Article 4","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fintroduction-to-nato\u002Fthe-consultation-process-and-article-4","2026-10-22",{"id":958,"article":946,"date":959,"countries":960,"summary":962,"official":963,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2025-09-10","2025-09-10",[961],"Polen","Polen vroeg om overleg nadat meerdere Russische drones het Poolse luchtruim waren binnengevlogen.",{"text":964,"source":965},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 10 September 2025, Poland requested to hold consultations in the North Atlantic Council under Article 4 following the violation of Polish airspace by multiple Russian drones.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":967,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":970,"countries":971,"summary":973,"official":974,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2024-03-07",10,"toetreding","2024-03-07",[972],"Zweden","Zweden werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":975,"source":976},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 7 March 2024: Accession of Sweden",{"title":977,"url":978},"NAVO: Enlargement and Article 10","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fpartnerships-and-cooperation\u002Fenlargement-and-article-10","2026-11-04",{"id":981,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":982,"countries":983,"summary":985,"official":986,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2023-04-04","2023-04-04",[984],"Finland","Finland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":987,"source":988},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 4 April 2023: Accession of Finland",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":990,"article":968,"kind":991,"date":992,"countries":993,"summary":994,"official":995,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2022-07-05","toetredingsprotocol","2022-07-05",[984,972],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor Finland en Zweden. Daarmee werden beide landen officieel genodigde.",{"text":996,"source":997},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 July 2022: Allies sign the Accession Protocols for Finland and Sweden, making them official Invitees.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":999,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1001,"until":1002,"countries":1003,"summary":1004,"official":1005,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2022-06-29","uitnodiging","2022-06-29","2022-06-30",[984,972],"Op de top in Madrid nodigde de NAVO Finland en Zweden officieel uit om lid te worden.",{"text":1006,"source":1007},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29-30 June 2022: Heads of State and Government from Finland, Georgia, Sweden and Ukraine and the Defence Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina take part in the NATO Summit in Madrid. NATO reaffirms its commitment to its \"open door policy\", formally inviting Finland and Sweden to become members of NATO",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1009,"article":946,"date":1010,"countries":1011,"summary":1018,"official":1019,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2022-02-24","2022-02-24",[1012,1013,949,1014,1015,961,1016,1017],"Bulgarije","Tsjechië","Letland","Litouwen","Roemenië","Slowakije","Acht bondgenoten vroegen om overleg op de dag dat Rusland Oekraïne volledig binnenviel.",{"text":1020,"source":1021},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 24 February 2022, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia requested to hold consultations under Article 4 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1023,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1024,"countries":1025,"summary":1027,"official":1028,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2020-03-27","2020-03-27",[1026],"Noord-Macedonië","Noord-Macedonië werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1029,"source":1030},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 27 March 2020: Accession of the Republic of North Macedonia",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1032,"article":946,"date":1033,"countries":1034,"summary":1036,"official":1037,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2020-02-28","2020-02-28",[1035],"Turkije","Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Turkse militairen waren omgekomen bij luchtaanvallen in de Syrische provincie Idlib.",{"text":1038,"source":1039},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 28 February 2020, Türkiye requested consultations following the death of Turkish soldiers in air strikes by the Syrian regime and its backer Russia in Idlib province.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1041,"article":968,"kind":991,"date":1042,"countries":1043,"summary":1044,"official":1045,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2019-02-06","2019-02-06",[1026],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Noord-Macedonië. Daarna deed het land als genodigde mee aan activiteiten van de NAVO.",{"text":1046,"source":1047},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 February 2019: The Allies sign the Accession Protocol of the Republic of North Macedonia, following which the country takes part in NATO activities as an invitee.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1049,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1050,"countries":1051,"summary":1052,"official":1053,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2018-07-11","2018-07-11",[1026],"Na het akkoord tussen Athene en Skopje over de naam van het land nodigden de NAVO-leiders Skopje uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1054,"source":1055},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 11 July 2018: At the Brussels Summit, following the historic agreement between Athens and Skopje on the solution of the name issue, Allied leaders invite the government in Skopje to begin accession talks to join NATO.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1057,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1058,"countries":1059,"summary":1061,"official":1062,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2017-06-05","2017-06-05",[1060],"Montenegro","Montenegro werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1063,"source":1064},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 5 June 2017: Accession of Montenegro",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1066,"article":968,"kind":991,"date":1067,"countries":1068,"summary":1069,"official":1070,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2016-05-19","2016-05-19",[1060],"De bondgenoten tekenden het toetredingsprotocol van Montenegro. Daarna mocht Montenegro als genodigde vergaderingen van de NAVO bijwonen.",{"text":1071,"source":1072},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 19 May 2016: Allied ministers sign the Accession Protocol, following which Montenegro has 'Invitee' status and starts attending North Atlantic Council and other NATO meetings.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1074,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1075,"countries":1076,"summary":1077,"official":1078,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2015-12-02","2015-12-02",[1060],"De ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken van de NAVO nodigden Montenegro uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1079,"source":1080},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2 December 2015: NATO Foreign Ministers meeting in Brussels invite Montenegro to start accession talks to join the Alliance, while encouraging further progress on reforms, especially in the area of rule of law.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1082,"article":946,"date":1083,"countries":1084,"summary":1085,"official":1086,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2015-07-26","2015-07-26",[1035],"Turkije vroeg om overleg na terroristische aanslagen, en om de bondgenoten over zijn maatregelen te informeren.",{"text":1087,"source":1088},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 26 July 2015, Türkiye requested that the NAC convene in view of the seriousness of the situation following terrorist attacks, and to inform Allies of the measures it was taking.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1090,"article":946,"date":1091,"countries":1092,"summary":1093,"official":1094,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2014-03-03","2014-03-03",[961],"Polen vroeg om overleg om de oplopende spanningen in buurland Oekraïne door het optreden van Rusland.",{"text":1095,"source":1096},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 March 2014, Poland invoked Article 4 following increasing tensions in neighbouring Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s aggressive actions.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1098,"article":946,"date":1099,"countries":1100,"summary":1101,"official":1102,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2012-10-03","2012-10-03",[1035],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische granaten vijf Turkse burgers hadden gedood. Daarna vroeg Turkije om Patriot-luchtverdediging.",{"text":1103,"source":1104},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 3 October 2012, Türkiye requested Article 4 NAC consultations when five Turkish civilians were killed by Syrian shells. Following these incidents, on 21 November 2012, Türkiye requested the deployment of Patriot missiles.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1106,"article":946,"date":1107,"countries":1108,"summary":1109,"official":1110,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2012-06-22","2012-06-22",[1035],"Turkije vroeg om overleg nadat Syrische luchtverdediging een Turks gevechtsvliegtuig had neergeschoten.",{"text":1111,"source":1112},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 22 June 2012, Türkiye requested a NAC meeting under Article 4 after one of its fighter jets was shot down by Syrian air defence forces.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1114,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1115,"countries":1116,"summary":1119,"official":1120,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2009-04-01","2009-04-01",[1117,1118],"Albanië","Kroatië","Albanië en Kroatië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1121,"source":1122},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 1 April 2009: Accession of Albania and Croatia",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1124,"article":968,"kind":991,"date":1125,"countries":1126,"summary":1127,"official":1128,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2008-07-09","2008-07-09",[1117,1118],"De toetredingsprotocollen voor Albanië en Kroatië werden getekend.",{"text":1129,"source":1130},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 9 July 2008: Accession Protocols for Albania and Croatia are signed.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1132,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1133,"until":1134,"countries":1135,"summary":1136,"official":1137,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2008-04-02","2008-04-02","2008-04-04",[1117,1118],"Op de top in Boekarest nodigden de NAVO-leiders Albanië en Kroatië uit om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1138,"source":1139},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 2-4 April 2008: At the Bucharest Summit, Allied Leaders invite Albania and Croatia to start accession talks",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1141,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1142,"countries":1143,"summary":1145,"official":1146,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2004-03-29","2004-03-29",[1012,949,1014,1015,1016,1017,1144],"Slovenië","Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1147,"source":1148},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 29 March 2004: Accession of Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1150,"article":968,"kind":991,"date":1151,"countries":1152,"summary":1153,"official":1154,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2003-03-26","2003-03-26",[1012,949,1014,1015,1016,1017,1144],"De bondgenoten tekenden de toetredingsprotocollen voor zeven landen die waren uitgenodigd lid te worden.",{"text":1155,"source":1156},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks. 26 March 2003: Signing ceremony of the Accession Protocols of the seven invitees.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1158,"article":946,"date":1159,"countries":1160,"summary":1161,"official":1162,"updated":956},"artikel-4-2003-02-10","2003-02-10",[1035],"Turkije vroeg om overleg over verdediging tegen de dreiging van de oorlog in buurland Irak.",{"text":1163,"source":1164},"Since the Alliance’s creation in 1949, Article 4 has been invoked nine times: … On 10 February 2003, Türkiye formally invoked Article 4, asking for consultations in the NAC on defensive assistance from NATO in the event of a threat to its population or territory resulting from armed conflict in neighbouring Iraq.",{"title":954,"url":955},{"id":1166,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1167,"until":1168,"countries":1169,"summary":1170,"official":1171,"updated":979},"artikel-10-2002-11-21","2002-11-21","2002-11-22",[1012,949,1014,1015,1016,1017,1144],"Op de top in Praag werden Bulgarije, Estland, Letland, Litouwen, Roemenië, Slowakije en Slovenië uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1172,"source":1173},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 21-22 November 2002: At the Prague Summit, seven partner countries – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1175,"article":1176,"date":1177,"countries":1178,"summary":1180,"official":1181,"missions":1186,"updated":956},"artikel-5-2001-10-02",5,"2001-10-02",[1179],"Verenigde Staten","Na onderzoek naar de aanslagen stelde de NAVO vast dat ze onder artikel 5 vielen. Daarop volgden de NAVO-operaties Eagle Assist en Active Endeavour.",{"text":1182,"source":1183},"On 2 October 2001, once the Council had been briefed on the results of investigations into the 9\u002F11 attacks, it determined that they were effectively regarded as an action covered by Article 5.",{"title":1184,"url":1185},"NAVO: Collective defence and Article 5","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nato.int\u002Fen\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fintroduction-to-nato\u002Fcollective-defence-and-article-5",[1187],{"missionId":1188,"official":1189},"middellandse-zee-active-endeavour",{"text":1190,"source":1191},"On 26 October 2001, the Alliance launched its second counter-terrorism operation in response to the attacks on the United States, Operation Active Endeavour, which involved elements of NATO's Standing Naval Forces patrol",{"title":1184,"url":1185},{"id":1193,"article":1176,"date":1194,"countries":1195,"summary":1196,"official":1197,"updated":956},"artikel-5-2001-09-12","2001-09-12",[1179],"Een dag na de aanslagen van 11 september besloot de NAVO dat een aanval vanuit het buitenland op de Verenigde Staten zou gelden als een aanval op alle bondgenoten. De eerste en enige keer dat artikel 5 is ingeroepen.",{"text":1198,"source":1199},"On the evening of 12 September 2001, less than 24 hours after the attacks, Allies met in the North Atlantic Council. The Council agreed “that if it is determined that this attack was directed from abroad against the United States, it shall be regarded as an action covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty”.",{"title":1184,"url":1185},{"id":1201,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1202,"countries":1203,"summary":1205,"official":1206,"updated":979},"artikel-10-1999-03-12","1999-03-12",[1013,1204,961],"Hongarije","Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen werden lid van de NAVO. Daarmee had het bondgenootschap 19 leden.",{"text":1207,"source":1208},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 12 March 1999: Accession of Czechia, Hungary and Poland, bringing the Alliance to 19 members.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1210,"article":968,"kind":1000,"date":1211,"until":1212,"countries":1213,"summary":1214,"official":1215,"updated":979},"artikel-10-1997-07-08","1997-07-08","1997-07-09",[1013,1204,961],"Op de top in Madrid werden Tsjechië, Hongarije en Polen uitgenodigd om te praten over toetreding.",{"text":1216,"source":1217},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 8-9 July 1997: At the Madrid Summit, three partner countries – Czechia, Hungary and Poland – are invited to start accession talks.",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1219,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1220,"countries":1221,"summary":1223,"official":1224,"updated":979},"artikel-10-1982-05-30","1982-05-30",[1222],"Spanje","Spanje werd lid van de NAVO. In 1998 ging het ook deel uitmaken van de gezamenlijke militaire structuur.",{"text":1225,"source":1226},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 30 May 1982: Spain joins the Alliance (and the integrated military structure in 1998).",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1228,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1229,"countries":1230,"summary":1232,"official":1233,"updated":979},"artikel-10-1955-05-06","1955-05-06",[1231],"Duitsland","De Bondsrepubliek Duitsland werd lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1234,"source":1235},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 6 May 1955: Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany",{"title":977,"url":978},{"id":1237,"article":968,"kind":969,"date":1238,"countries":1239,"summary":1241,"official":1242,"updated":979},"artikel-10-1952-02-18","1952-02-18",[1240,1035],"Griekenland","Griekenland en Turkije werden lid van de NAVO.",{"text":1243,"source":1244},"NATO's \"open door policy\" is based upon Article 10 of the Washington Treaty … 18 February 1952: Accession of Greece and Türkiye",{"title":977,"url":978}]